Definition:

'Spinal enthesopathy' is a form of enthesopathy affecting the spine. Disorders of peripheral ligamentous or muscular attachments, abnormalities in the zones of attachment, for ligaments and tendons to bone.

Symptoms:

• Chronic musculoskeletal pain
• Tenderness over joints
• Redness and swelling of the joint
• Loss of ROM in the spine

Causes:

• Ankylosing spondylitis
• Inflammation
• Calcification

Treatment:

• ROM and stretching
• Core stabilization exercises
• Lower extremity strengthening
• Posture program