Definition:

This definition includes herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP), degenerative disc disease (DDD), and internal disc disruption (IDD). HNP is defined as localized displacement of nucleus, cartilage, fragmented apophyseal bone, or fragmented annular tissue beyond the intervertebral disc space.

Symptoms:

• Pain in the neck
• Radiating pain in the neck, shoulders, or arm
• Numbness in the shoulders or arms
• Weakness in the shoulder or arms
• Stiffness in the neck
• Loss of ROM in the neck

Causes:

• Faulty posture
• Repetitive motion
• Overuse
• Wear and tear

Treatment:

• ROM and stretching exercises
• Posture program
• Upper extremity strengthening