Definition:

'Achilles tendonitis' (also 'Achilles tenosynovitis' or 'Achilles tendinopathy') is tendonitis of the Achilles tendon, generally caused by overuse of the affected limb and is more common among athletes training under less than ideal conditions. It should not be confused with xanthoma of the tendon, which is the accumulation of cholesterol in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia.

Symptoms:

• Pain in the back of the heel
• Pain when getting up in the morning and from rising after sitting for long periods
• Pain with running or jumping activities

Causes:

• Tight calves and hamstrings
• Abnormal foot mechanics
• Abnormal gait or walking pattern
• Overuse

Treatment:

• Stretching calves and hamstrings
• Eccentric strengthening exercises
• Cross friction massage
• Ice massage
• Improve walking and running mechanics