Definition:

Symptoms:

• Pain at the front of the shin, ankle or foot
• Pain with walking or running excessively (especially up or down hills or on hard or uneven surfaces)
• Pain with kicking an object with toes pointed
• Swelling in the anterior ankle
• Point tender on the tibialis

Causes:

• Repetitive fast walking, running, kicking a ball
• Muscle imbalance
• Trauma
• Tight shoelaces

Treatment:

• ROM and stretching
• Soft tissue massage
• Gait program
• Foot intrinsic muscle strengthening
• Lower extremity strengthening